• Plough with Iron plough or country plough two to three times to obtain fine tilth

Chiselling for soils with hard pan

• Chisel the soil with chilsel plough at             0.5 m interval in both directions
• Apply FYM or composted coir pith @ 12.5 t/ha besides chiseling

Amendments for soil surface crusting

• Form beds with a size of 10 m2 to 20 m2
• Form ridges and furrows at 60 cm spacing and sow on both sides of ridge

Form raised bed (60 cm) with a furrow (15 cm) and sow 2 rows of seeds on raised bed

• Groundnut + Cowpea at 6:1 ratio (wherever, red hairy caterpillar is endemic)
• Groundnut + Blackgram at 4:1 ratio

Groundnut + Sunflower at 6:2 ratio

• At the time of second hand weeding (40-45 days after sowing)

Note:

• Earthing up provides medium for the peg development
• Earthing up should not be done after 45 days of sowing